What are small electronic devices that automatically change user passwords called?

The term for small electronic devices that automatically change user passwords is authentication tokens. These devices enhance security by generating temporary codes or facilitating the management of passwords that can periodically change without user intervention. Authentication tokens are designed to ensure that access to systems and networks remains secure by requiring a unique code that changes frequently, which makes it much harder for unauthorized users to gain access.

In contrast, smart cards are physical cards that can store data and often contain embedded chips for user identification, but they do not inherently change passwords on their own. Biometric scanners utilize physical attributes like fingerprints or facial recognition for authentication but do not involve automatic password management. Firewalls serve to control network traffic for security purposes but have no direct role in password management.