What best describes the extreme programming (XP) methodology?

Extreme Programming (XP) is a software development methodology that emphasizes adaptive planning, evolutionary development, and early delivery while encouraging rapid and flexible responses to change. One of the core principles of XP is extensive user involvement, which allows developers to better understand user needs and requirements throughout the development process. This user-centric approach facilitates rapid prototyping and iterative improvements, ensuring that the software evolves based on real user feedback rather than assumptions.

The idea is to create a close collaboration between developers and users, allowing for constant refinements and adjustments as feedback is obtained. This focus on user engagement is critical for delivering a product that truly meets user expectations and requirements, making it a hallmark of the XP methodology.

In contrast, the emphasis on documentation, long development cycles, or even rigid feedback processes seen in other methodologies does not align with XP's dynamic and flexible nature. The defining characteristic of XP is its iterative cycle of development that incorporates ongoing user feedback, rather than adhering strictly to upfront documentation or prolonged development phases.