What capability allows computer systems from various manufacturers to communicate effectively?

Interoperability is the capability that allows computer systems from various manufacturers to communicate effectively. It refers to the ability of different systems, applications, or components to work together, exchange data, and use the exchanged data effectively. In a diverse technological environment, where products from multiple vendors are often involved, interoperability ensures seamless operation among these varied systems. It is critical for creating a cohesive user experience, as it enables functionalities like data sharing, service integration, and collaboration across platforms.

Compatibility, while related, typically refers to the ability of particular products or systems to work together within a specific framework or environment. This means that while two systems may be compatible, they might not necessarily be fully interoperable if they are limited to a certain operating system or application ecosystem.

Modularity speaks to the design principle where a system is built in such a way that components can be separated and recombined. This concept supports flexibility and adaptability in system upgrades and changes but does not inherently address communication between different manufacturers' systems.

Scalability refers to the capacity of a system to handle increased loads or improve performance by adding resources. While important for system growth and efficiency, scalability does not directly relate to the communication capability between disparate systems.

Thus, interoperability is the most relevant capability for