What defines the format of data and rules for transmission in networking?

The concept that defines the format of data and the rules for transmission in networking is known as a protocol. Protocols are essential for ensuring that various devices and systems can communicate effectively, as they establish the agreed-upon procedures for data exchange. This includes specifying how data is formatted, how to initiate and terminate connections, how to handle errors, and how to ensure data is transmitted in a reliable manner.

Protocol examples are numerous and include widely used standards such as TCP/IP for Internet communications, HTTP for web traffic, and FTP for file transfers. Each of these protocols has specific rules and formats, which allow different devices to interpret data correctly and maintain seamless communication.

In contrast, other terms such as standard, architecture, and framework refer to broader concepts. Standards provide guidelines or specifications for best practices but do not themselves manage the transmission of data. Architecture denotes the overall design and structure of a network or system, while a framework typically outlines a system or concept in which various components can operate or interact. These elements are important in their own right but do not specifically dictate the details of data transmission like protocols do.