Which practice would be considered a fair information practice?

Allowing consumers to opt out of data collection is a fundamental principle of fair information practices, often referred to as the opt-out model. This practice respects consumers' right to control their personal data and empowers them by giving them the choice to decline participation in data collection processes. Such transparency and choice enhance trust between consumers and organizations, aligning with ethical data management practices.

The other options do not align with the principles of fair information practices. For instance, restricting all data access by employees may hinder necessary roles in data management rather than fostering transparency and accountability. Sharply increasing data storage costs does not relate to consumer choice or privacy rights, and limiting email usage among employees does not communicate a direct approach to managing personal information or data ethics. These alternatives do not support the core tenets of consumer privacy and involvement in data handling that fair information practices advocate.