The term that accurately depicts logical data structures detailing relationships among data elements is a data model. A data model provides a framework for organizing and defining the data elements and their interrelations within a system. It acts as a blueprint that outlines how data is structured, the relationships between different data entities, and the rules governing the data operations, thereby enabling effective data management and interaction.
In the context of database design, a data model helps to visualize and design the way data will be stored, retrieved, and manipulated. This can include various forms such as entity-relationship diagrams or UML diagrams, which are essential for database developers and data architects to construct robust databases.
Other terms mentioned do not fit this definition as closely. Metadata refers to data that provides information about other data, describing attributes like format or structure without detailing relationships. A database, while it stores data managed according to a data model, is a physical repository rather than an abstract representation of how data is organized. Information granularity generally pertains to the level of detail or depth of data representation but does not directly address the structural relationships among data elements. Thus, the concept of a data model is central to understanding how data elements interact within a system.